Design of battery charge and discharge controller using Arduino Uno (microcontroller Atmega 328p). The design tool consists of several main components, namely solar panels as a source of DC electric current, electronic components such as mosfet, resistors, diodes, and others based microcontroller Atmega 328 are already in the program, the battery as electrical energy storage and lamp DC as an expense. The purpose of this study is to prevent the battery from damage during charging and discharging of the battery.
Solar Panel
The working principle of this device is a microcontroller Atmega 328 that has been in the program will measure the voltage of the solar panel to determine the duty cycle mosfet controlled by Atmega 328 which generates an output voltage of 14.8 V corresponding specifications of the battery charging voltage. The battery charging process will stop when the voltage on the battery reaches the maximum limit of 14 V. In the process of discharging the load, the battery voltage to be measured to determine its capacity and when the voltage reaches the minimum threshold of 11.5 V, the process of discharging to the load will be disconnected.
The study was conducted in the house rooftop using solar panels with a capacity of 50 Wp. The trial process to the design tool made from 10:00 pm - 17:00 pm with a performance monitoring tool in the process of charging the battery. From the results of experiments have been done on the design of the tool found that the generated voltage is 14.8 V corresponding specifications for the battery charging voltage. Measurable voltage measured at the battery terminals will continue to increase every hour indicating battery capacity additions. The charging current will continue to decrease further indicates full battery capacity.
The next trial is the use of the battery by a DC load. DC load used was 3 W Lamp DC 12 V. The imposition did on time 20:00 pm - 06:00 pm. Measurements showed that the voltage at the battery terminals will continue to decrease as the imposition by a DC lamp that indicates the capacity of the battery continues to decrease. The flow will continue in accordance with the constant load used.
The results of this study can be summed to determine the battery capacity of the battery voltage. The use of a 328p Atmega microcontroller will control the design work tool using sensors simultaneously controlling voltage MOSFET as a switch during charging and discharging. The results of the research can be developed using a battery charging system with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). With MPPT battery charging can be done optimally and faster
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